Genera: Cumulus – detached clouds,
generally dense and with sharp outlines, developing vertically in the
form of rising mounds, domes or towers, of which the bulging upper part
often resembles cauliflower. The sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly brilliant white; their base is relatively dark and nearly horizontal.
Rod: Cumulus – zaseban tip oblaka,
uopsteno je gust sa ostrim obrisima, razvija se vertikalno u obliku
rastucih nasipa, kupola ili tornjeva, ciji je rastuci gornji dio cesto
slican karfiolu. Da, povrcu. Suncem osvijetljeni dijelovi ovih oblaka su
cesto zaslijepljujuce bijele boje, baza im je relativno tamna i skoro
pa horizontalna.
Varieties: Radiatus – from the Latin radiatus, derived from the verb radiare which expresses the idea of having rays, being radiant. In this case, cumulus clouds (usually of moderate vertical development) that are arranged in files nearly parallel to the wind direction. This formation is known as horizontal convective rolls, horizontal roll vortices or simply cloud streets. Although horizontal convective rolls, also known as cloud streets, have
been clearly seen in satellite photographs for the last thirty years, their
development is poorly understood due to a lack of observational data. Usually cloud streets have a well defined start point often following
coast lines, but the end points tend to tail off as the air moves away
from the source of convection. Cloud streets may from over seas as
relatively cool air streams over relatively warm water, or they may be
form over land as relatively unstable air streams over an obstacle and
convection is caused by friction or shear.
Podvrsta: Radiatus – od latinske rijeci radiatus koja je izvedena od glagola radiare koji izrazava ideju da nesto isijava, ima zrake, jeste isijavajuce. U ovom slucaju, kumulusni oblaci (najcesce umjerenog razvoja) koji su rasporedjeni u redove/kolone skoro pa paralelne smjeru vjetra. Ova formacija je poznata kao horizontalni konvektivni klipovi, horizontalni valjkasti virovi ili jednostavno, ulice oblaka. Iako ovi horizontalni konvektivni valjci, takodjer poznati kao ulice oblaka, se jasno mogu vidjeti na satelitskim slikama vec zadnjih trideset godina, o njihovom razvoju se jako malo zna zbog manjka opservacijskih podataka. Ulice oblaka najcesce imaju jasno definisanu pocetnu tacku i cesto prate obalne linije ali im se krajnje tacke razidju, nestanu kako se zrak odmice od izvora konvekcije. Ulice oblaka se mogu formirati iznad mora kao relativno hladne zracne struje iznad relativno tople vodene povrsine. Takodjer se mogu formirati iznad kopna kao relativno nestabilne zracne struje iznad prepreke i konvekcija je izazvana trenjem.
Definition of a cloud:
A
cloud is a visible aggregate of minute particles of water or ice, or of
both, in the free air. This aggregate may include larger particles of
water or ice and particles, such as those present in fumes, smoke or
dust.
Definicija oblaka: Oblak je vidljivo agregatno stanje zasicenih cestica vode, leda ili vode i leda, koje se nalaze slobodne u zraku. Mogu biti u pitanju i krupnije cestice vode i leda i cestice poput onih koje su prisutne u dimu, isparenjima ili prasini.
Appearance of clouds:
The
appearance of a cloud is determined by the nature, sizes, number and
distribution in space of its constituent particles. Appearance is best
described in terms of dimensions, shape, structure, texture, luminance
and colour of the cloud.
Pojava oblaka tj. njihov izgled je odredjen karakterom, velicinama, kolicinom i raspodjelom cestica koje ga sacinjavaju kroz prostor. Izgled oblaka je najbolje opisan u kroz dimenzije, oblik, strukturu, teksturu, osvjetljenost i boju oblaka.
Classification of clouds:
A classification of the charcteristic forms of clouds, in terms of “genera”, “species” and “varieties” has been established by the WMO(
World Meteorological Organisation).
Klasifikacija karakteristicnih oblika oblaka u smislu “rodova”, “vrsta” i “podvrsta” je ostvarena od strane WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) tj. Svjetske Meteoroloske Organizacije.
(I) Genera
The
classification is essentially based on 10 main groups, called genera,
which are mutually exclusive, that is to say, a given cloud can belong
to one genus only. The genera are;
Podjela na rodove je ustvari podjela na 10 osnovnih grupa zvanih rodovi koji su medjusobno posebni, sto znaci da odredjeni oblak moze da pripada samo jednom rodu. Podjela na rodove je slijedeca:
- Cirrus – Ci
- Cirrocumulus – Cc
- Cirrostratus – Cs
- Altocumulus -Ac
- Altostratus -As
- Nimbostratus -Ns
- Stratocumulus – Sc
- Stratus – St
- Cumulus – Cu
- Cumulonimbus – Cb
(II) Species
Obseved
peculiarities in the shape of clouds and differences in their internal
structure have led to the subdivision of most of the cloud genera into
species.
Osmotrene pojedinosti u obliku oblaka i njihovih razlika u unutarnjoj strukturi su doveli do podjele vecine rodova oblaka na vrste.
(III) Varieties
Clouds may
exhibit special characteristics which determine their variety. These
characteristics are related to the different arrangements of the could
elements.
Oblaci mogu iskazati posebne karakteristike koje ce da odrede njihove podvrste. Te karakteristike su u vezi sa razlicitim rasporedom elementa oblaka.
(IV) Supplementary cloud features
Dopunske odlike i oblaci pratioci:
1. incus – inc
2. mamma – mam
3. virga – vir
4. praecipitatio – pra
5. arcus – arc
6. tuba – tub
7. pileus – pil
8. velum – vel
9. pannus – pan
