Genera: Stratus – Generally grey cloud layer with a fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle, ice prisms or snow grains. When the sun is visible through the cloud, the outline is clearly discernible. Stratus does not produce halo phenomena except, possibly, at very low temperatures. Stratus is usually composed of small water droplets. At low temperatures it may consist of small ice particles. When dense or thick, Stratus often contains drizzle droplets and sometimes ice prisms or snow grains.
Rod: Stratus – uopsteno sivi oblacni sloj sa najcesce jednolicnom bazom iz koje moze da pada rosulja, ledene prizme ili zrnati snijeg. Kada je sunce vidljivo kroz njega, rubovi oblaka su primjetni.Stratus ne proizvodi halo efekat osim eventualno na jako niskim temperaturama. Najcesce se sastoji od sitnih kapljica vode. Na niskim temperaturama moze biti sastavljen od sitnih cestica leda. U slucaju da je gust i debeo, Stratus cesto sadrzi cestice rosulje i ponekada ledene prizme ili zrnati snijeg.
Species: Nebulosus – From the Latin nebulosus, which means full of mist, covered with fog. Nebular, rather monotonous and grey layer cloud. Stratus most commonly occurs as a nebulosus, grey and fairly uniform layer, with its base often low enough to obscure the tops of low hills or high buildings. It may be so thin that the outline of the sun or moon can be clearly seen through it; more often, however, it is opaque enough to mask the sun or moon. Occasionally, it has a dark or even menacing appearance.
Vrsta: Nebulosus – od latinske rijeci nebulosus, sto znaci ispunjen sumaglicom, pokriven maglom. Stratus se najcesce pojavljuje kao nebulozan, siv i prilicno jednolican oblacni sloj sa bazom dovoljno niskom da sakrije vrhove niskih brda ili visokih zgrada. Moze biti toliko tanak da obrisi mjeseca ili sunca mogu biti vidljivi kroz njega. Ipak najcesce je dovoljno neproziran da sakrije sunce ili mjesec. Nekada ima taman i prijeteci izgled.
Definition of a cloud:
A cloud is a visible aggregate of minute particles of water or ice, or of both, in the free air. This aggregate may include larger particles of water or ice and particles, such as those present in fumes, smoke or dust.
Definicija oblaka: Oblak je vidljivo agregatno stanje zasicenih cestica vode, leda ili vode i leda, koje se nalaze slobodne u zraku. Mogu biti u pitanju i krupnije cestice vode i leda i cestice poput onih koje su prisutne u dimu, isparenjima ili prasini.
Appearance of clouds:
The appearance of a cloud is determined by the nature, sizes, number and distribution in space of its constituent particles. Appearance is best described in terms of dimensions, shape, structure, texture, luminance and colour of the cloud.
Pojava oblaka tj. njihov izgled je odredjen karakterom, velicinama, kolicinom i raspodjelom cestica koje ga sacinjavaju kroz prostor. Izgled oblaka je najbolje opisan u kroz dimenzije, oblik, strukturu, teksturu, osvjetljenost i boju oblaka.
Classification of clouds:
A classification of the charcteristic forms of clouds, in terms of “genera”, “species” and “varieties” has been established by the WMO(World Meteorological Organisation).
Klasifikacija karakteristicnih oblika oblaka u smislu “rodova”, “vrsta” i “podvrsta” je ostvarena od strane WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) tj. Svjetske Meteoroloske Organizacije.
(I) Genera
The classification is essentially based on 10 main groups, called genera, which are mutually exclusive, that is to say, a given cloud can belong to one genus only. The genera are;
Podjela na rodove je ustvari podjela na 10 osnovnih grupa zvanih rodovi koji su medjusobno posebni, sto znaci da odredjeni oblak moze da pripada samo jednom rodu. Podjela na rodove je slijedeca:
Cirrus – Ci
Cirrocumulus – Cc
Cirrostratus – Cs
Altocumulus -Ac
Altostratus -As
Nimbostratus -Ns
Stratocumulus – Sc
Stratus – St
Cumulus – Cu
Cumulonimbus – Cb
(II) Species
Obseved peculiarities in the shape of clouds and differences in their internal structure have led to the subdivision of most of the cloud genera into species.
Osmotrene pojedinosti u obliku oblaka i njihovih razlika u unutarnjoj strukturi su doveli do podjele vecine rodova oblaka na vrste.
(III) Varieties
Clouds may exhibit special characteristics which determine their variety. These characteristics are related to the different arrangements of the could elements.
Oblaci mogu iskazati posebne karakteristike koje ce da odrede njihove podvrste. Te karakteristike su u vezi sa razlicitim rasporedom elementa oblaka.
(IV) Supplementary cloud features
Dopunske odlike i oblaci pratioci:
1. incus – inc
2. mamma – mam
3. virga – vir
4. praecipitatio – pra
5. arcus – arc
6. tuba – tub
7. pileus – pil
8. velum – vel
9. pannus – pan
